Matthew 5:38-42 Beyond the Limits


Matthew 5:38-42             Beyond the Limits                                                                                           WC McCarter

 

Introduction

It is never easy to say, "It is well with my soul." You have had difficult times in your life when you struggled to say that: struggles in your marriage or your finances, a death in the family, and many other things. The Lord Jesus acknowledges that life is not easy and teaches that life as a Christian will be that much more difficult. In today's text, the Lord teaches how to deal with those high-pressure situations caused by others in the world around us. Maybe a hard-nosed police officer goes beyond his call to single you out, or the woman at the register in the grocery store is harsh in her words toward you, or your employer is causing your work life to be miserable. What are you to do?
 

This passage helps us to learn how to make it through difficult circumstances. Specifically, Jesus wants to teach us how to manage those times when others are misusing us. You may be in a situation just like this at the moment or it may come your way in the near future.

 

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You have heard

“An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” is surprisingly a well-known verse in America. It is odd that such a verse is so often quoted. This command is given in Exodus in reference to harm that is done to a pregnant woman and her child; the context of the command in Leviticus is of a man who injures his neighbor; and in Deuteronomy false witnesses are to bear the penalty they tried to bring on the innocent. It appears that these laws were given to restrain the retaliation of a victim’s family and probably the courts as well. If everyone was allowed to take the law into their own hands we would live in chaos. Therefore, the Lord placed retribution in the hands of the courts, but with limitations.

 

Remember that what Jesus is about to teach is not opposed to the Old Testament teaching. The “eye for an eye” passages in the Mosaic Law were to be sentences passed by the judges of Israel. The people were not to take revenge for themselves. This is what I have determined: Jesus says in essence, You have heard the laws concerning how the courts should rule, now let me tell you what you are to do. Thus, we will have to learn not only how to deal with high-pressure situations, but we will also learn lessons in godly patience and humility.

 

But I tell you

Let us first say that Jesus is not giving directives concerning the courts, the Mosaic Law we just cited did that, and His commands are not in reference to war or self-defense. This teaching is targeted for individuals. Jesus teaches that His followers are not to resist evil people. Christians are not to retaliate according to what they think is right. The Apostles also picked up this lesson and taught it to the churches. In Romans 12 Paul says, “Repay no one evil for evil,” and again in 1 Thessalonians 5 he says, “See that no one renders evil for evil to anyone, but always pursue what is good both for yourselves and for all.” Peter teaches in 1 Peter 3, “. . . not returning evil for evil or reviling for reviling. . . .”

 

Jesus ends this section of His teaching with four illustrations of how we are to respond to persecution, harassment, and pressure. In each of these four examples of real life situations we will both learn a lesson and receive an actual application to our own lives.

 

#1 Whoever slaps you

In a society that was all about honor and shame, it was a great humiliation to be slapped. If a man was slapped, he would return the same in a tit-for-tat fashion that would typically turn into a full fight.

 

#2 If anyone wants to sue you

The Old Testament Law did not allow for someone to sue for another’s outer garment (or cloak). It was used as a blanket at night. So, the inner garment (or tunic) could be taken away.

 

#3 Whoever compels you to go one mile

Where do you think that little phrase, “Going the extra mile” came from? Here it is. A Roman soldier had the right to demand private citizens/subordinates to carry their military supplies and often did in a cruel manner.

 

#4 Give to him who asks you

What does this fourth illustration have to do with non-retaliation? Consider those times that you asked to borrow something and were told “no” and you told that same person “no” the next time they asked to borrow from you. That is retaliation, which Jesus is teaching against. We are to give to those who genuinely have need. Often times we have a hard time deciding if someone truly has a need. It would be better to be duped than to neglect a true need. Give what you can and not expect anything back.

 

Conclusion

Jesus has taught that those who follow Him, those who are called by His name, are those who do not seek retaliation. We are not those who pursue revenge for ourselves. Though I have not always obeyed it perfectly, a passage that has really spoken to me through the years is from 1 Corinthians 6. I think the directness of this passage may add another illustration to what Jesus taught and may help us to better understand. In the context of the Apostle’s scolding the Corinthians for using and abusing one another by taking one another to court Paul says, “Why do you not rather accept wrong? Why do you not rather let yourselves be cheated? No, you yourselves do wrong and cheat, and you do these things to your brethren!” We are left with that simple, straightforward question, why not let yourselves be cheated rather than seek retaliation?

 

Yet, Jesus takes us much farther than that. As a follower of the Lord Jesus Christ, it is not enough to simply not retaliate. We are to go beyond the limits to selfless sacrifice. For example, when a first century Jewish Christian was approached by a Roman soldier and forced to carry his bags for a mile, it is not enough to obey the soldier and not retaliate. The Christian was commanded to go beyond the limits. He was to go two miles with the soldier’s belongings.

 
Do not seek the easiest or fastest way out, or search for the least amount to do to obey Christ. Go beyond the limits. Do not repay evil for evil, but repay evil with selfless sacrifice.

Matthew 5:21-26 Be Reconciled


Matthew 5:21-26       Be Reconciled                                                            WC McCarter

Like many of you, I was raised in church. I cannot really remember a time that I was not attending church. Not only did I attend church, but I enjoyed attending. I wanted to be there when the doors were open and I wanted to participate. I soaked-up as much biblical knowledge as I could as a child; I began contributing to the Lord’s Supper by offering meditations before we began and by serving at age twelve; I did a lot of visiting with the minister and with my dad as a teenager; and I started preaching/teaching.

Like many of you who have been Christians for several years, it was easy to fall into a holier than thou type of attitude like the Pharisees. I could have been, and maybe was at times, a real-life little Pharisee. I knew the Bible well and its requirements. I had never sinned in any of the most blatant and vulgar ways. I still haven’t to this day, and most of you have not. Yet, is that all of the righteousness that God requires? We know that it is not. Jesus said, “Unless your righteousness exceeds the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees, you will by no means enter the kingdom of heaven.”

Today we will talk about our relationships with others. We have no need to talk about murder because most of us do not struggle with that issue, but what about something on the inside? What about something like anger toward others? Do you struggle with it? Christians are to be different than those of the world. We are to ministers of reconciliation.

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You have heard (21)

The sixth commandment of the ten given to the Israelites at Mount Sinai was, “Thou shalt not murder.” The Hebrew word for “murder” (or “kill”) does not include killing for self-defense, capital punishment, or war. It means that you are not to take the life of someone without just reason. Of course, I would say that most of the Pharisees would not even have to worry about that legal jargon because most of them had never killed anyone for any reason.

Yet, Jesus is not focused on what the word means in various situations. He makes the commandment much more difficult to obey. You see, the scribes and Pharisees had become people who wanted to do the bear minimum. They would do the bear minimum of the Law and think that they had fulfilled it. If you kept the bear minimum, external requirement, then you were good to go and could do whatever else you pleased. As long as you had not literally murdered anyone, you were safe from judgment. You could ridicule, persecute, and hate others without any consequence. Jesus is about to give them, and maybe even us, a rude awakening.

But I say to you (22)

Anger can bring judgment. Anger means unrighteous indignation; when you are easily irritated by others leaving you with negative thoughts and bad feelings toward someone else. We think that only murder brings on judgment, but Jesus says that anger toward others does as well.

Jesus teaches that calling your brother/sister “raca” can bring on the council and calling him “fool” can bring on hell fire. There is no progression here as if fool is more depraved than raca. This is mere Hebrew parallelism. “Raca” is from a Hebrew word meaning “empty-headed” and “fool” comes from the Greek language. These words are not always inappropriate, but they are when they are fueled by hate.

Be reconciled to your brother (23-24)

Relationships are more important than ritual. Worship is vital to the Christian life. We assemble together every week to sing praises to and of our God, to pray, we celebrate the Lord’s Supper, and we are attentive to the Word of God. These things mean the world. There are no more special times than these, but God is not seeking us to worship Him with a heart filled with indignation. Even in the Old Testament, God said, “I desire mercy and not sacrifice.” Jesus quoted that passage several times during His ministry. As one man observed, “. . . our relationship with God is better gauged by our human relationships than by religious ritual” (Moore).

Yes, it is appropriate to prioritize reconciliation with others over attending worship. Of course, Jesus is not teaching that we ought to take a month away from worship to attend to a relationship. He is teaching that when we realize that someone has something against us, we are to immediately try to make it right.

Agree with your adversary (25-26)

Verses 23-24 discuss our reconciliation efforts with a friend, and verses 25-26 discuss our efforts with an adversary. Can I say this simply? It is never good to make enemies. For example, if you find yourself in a court situation, it would be better to settle outside of the courtroom than to take it before the judge. Everyone knows that it is much easier and much less stressful to do so that way. If you go before the judge, you do not know what he may do. You may be thrown in jail and stay there until you pay the last penny. Therefore, agree with your adversary quickly.

Conclusion

First, completing the bear minimum requirements of the Law is not enough. You cannot boil the Law of God down to simple, external rules to keep. You must seek to do what is right, not merely what is easiest. Keep in step with the Spirit. He will empower you to obey the Law of Christ.

Second, sins of the mind and heart are just as sinful as those of the hands. The New Testament teaches that if you break one law, then you are a law breaker. Those who have hate in their hearts are in the same category as murderers. They are both sinners, guilty before a holy God. Of course, murder is a greater sin than hate, but both are of the same ilk. Both are sin.

Third, God requires mercy and not sacrifice. Notice the order of priorities in verse twenty-four. We are told to first be reconciled with our brother/sister and then worship. Do not think that you can approach God with no thought of your relationship with others.

Fourth, remember that you may not have something against someone, but if someone has something against you, then you must do something about it. As much as it depends of you, seek reconciliation with others.

Matthew 5:17-20 Your Righteousness



Introduction

If you were given a pen and paper and told to write a definition of “righteousness,” what would you say? What kind of righteousness does God require of you? In today’s sermon, we can consider this subject and even come to an answer of what God desires.
 

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“Do not think” = Many believed that the Messiah would commence his own law, and put the Mosaic law to the side. As we will see, “. . . Jesus is taking pains to relate his teaching and place in the history of redemption to the OT Scriptures” (Carson). He wants the people to make no mistake that He is not doing away with the Hebrew Scriptures, the Old Testament.
 

“To destroy” = The word here literally means tear down in the sense of abolish or annul. Jesus does not contradict the Law in any of His teachings. He did not want to destroy devotion to the OT, but to enhance it.
 

“Law or the Prophets” = This phrase means the entire Old Testament. The Jews often referred to all of their Scriptures as either the Law and the Prophets or simply the Law. Remember the OT was the only written Scripture at that time. We cannot fully understand the NT without the OT, and the OT can’t be properly interpreted and applied without the NT. The OT idea brackets the body of the Sermon on the Mount, 5:17 and 7:12.
 

Connective: Jesus is making sure that His hearers know that His ministry and teaching is based on the OT and we better honor the Hebrew Scriptures.
 

“To fulfill” = Many people think that Jesus is here referring to one of two things. First, it is often said that Jesus fulfilled the Law in that He taught it as it was intended. Second, Many people say that Jesus fulfilled the Law in the sense that He perfectly modeled it. Jesus, in some sense, did both of these things. Yet, in the context of this comment, we must say that Jesus fulfilled the Law in the sense that He was the One to whom the entire OT pointed. He brought the Law to its intended goal, its fruition in the sense that He was the goal and the fruit. It is not so important that He modeled that perfect righteousness the OT called for, but that He was that righteousness. Do you see? He is the Messiah of God. See Lk 24:27, 44; Jn 5:39
 

“One jot or one tittle” = Hebrew yod, Greek iota Smallest stroke of the pen, smallest tails of letters. I don’t give one iota means smallest care. The dot of an i or the cross of a t. All of the Scriptures will last for all of time “till all is finished,” that is, accomplished. Even the OT saints knew this, Ps 102:25-26.
 

“These commandments” = I think Jesus now turns to what He is about to teach. He first made sure that His hearers realized that what He was about to teach did not contradict the OT, but enhanced it.
 

“Least in the kingdom” = Notice that those who fail in the teachings are not cast out of the kingdom. Yet, they are demoted in rank.
 

“Unless your righteousness” = We have now come to the key to the Sermon on the Mount. Scribes and Pharisees were the guardians of the Law. They studied it, taught it, and applied it. The people were submissive to them because of the position that the Pharisees held. They were the authoritative figures for the first century Jews. They could not be disputed or questioned. In most people’s estimation, no one was more righteous than the Pharisees and scribes! How in the world would anyone enter the kingdom of heaven if they couldn’t? How could the common folk enter in if their teachers couldn’t?
 

Conclusion

What kind of righteousness is Jesus calling for? I think we should take the answer to this question to its logical conclusion. Our righteousness is never enough, even if it is better than the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees. We need an alien righteousness, something from outside ourselves. The Gospel proclaims and the New Testament teaches that when we put our faith in Christ, His righteousness is given to us.